Suchergebnisse

The article examines the little-studied problem of state regulation of trade and supply in the territory of the South of Russia in historical and legal science. It is revealed that until the summer of 1919, the Denikin government regulated the commodity distribution sphere based on pre-revolutionary legislation on the grain monopoly and the distribution of grain and fodder in the provinces. In the summer, the legislator abolished the grain monopoly, but introduced compulsory military service for the supply of food and fodder to the army. It is established that the government's hopes for the procurement of agricultural products through cooperatives did not justify themselves due to unsuccessful administration to establish low and unprofitable purchase prices for peasants at a high cost of the industrial goods they need, as well as due to delays in payment for the deliveries made and unsatisfactory organization of commercial transportation. It is revealed that the involvement of large private traders and firms in the supply of grain and fodder after the abolition of the grain monopoly led to the corruption of the state apparatus, rampant speculation and the formation of a black market, which the government failed to cope with, despite the adoption of a rather harsh law on speculation. It is stated that the legislative and administrative activities of the government in the field of trade and supply were not able to provide the army with food, fodder and equipment. Because of which the commanders of the units were forced, in violation of the law, to engage in self-sufficiency of their troops by conducting requisitions that caused outrage among peasants or exchanging captured trophies for food.

The article examines the problem of state regulation of the tax sphere by the anti-Soviet governments of Siberia, which is poorly studied in historical and legal science. It is revealed that the Temporary Siberian and Russian governments carried out tax administration on the basis of pre-revolutionary legislation, making adjustments to it adequate to the conditions of the time. The pre-revolutionary tax apparatus was used to collect tax revenues. It was found that in the conditions of inflation, the flow of funds to the treasury was insufficient, and the legislator provided for an increase in the rates of existing taxes, the introduction of new sources of taxation and the revision of tax benefits, while the main attention was paid to the collection of indirect taxes. It is determined that in the conditions of widespread reluctance of the population to pay taxes, some positive effect was given by legislative innovations in the collection of income tax from employees, the function of collecting which was assigned to the administration of enterprises and institutions. It is revealed that the municipal authorities, whose budgets were formed according to the residual principle, were in the worst situation. It is stated that the Russian government was forced to widely use forceful methods of tax collection, involving police structures and military teams for this purpose, whose brutal actions caused discontent among the population, and which negatively affected the legitimacy of the government.

Abstract. The article analyzes various functional paradigms of the state, which will help to reveal the essential, organic aspect of a state-organized society existence. A state of any historical type implements itself in activity and, therefore, has a functional basis in which the unchanging is embodied that is inherent in it at all stages of evolution. Universal functions implement the essential characteristics of a state as an institutional expression of activities aimed at "common affair" solution. A functionally organized state embodies a certain type of activity that satisfies the need for self-preservation and purposeful organization. Therefore, the functional approach to the study of the state phenomenon allows us to reveal the most important properties belonging to all states, at any evolution stage in which the social purpose of the state as such and, ultimately, its objective (essential) and subjective meaning is manifested.Keywords: Functions of the State, Evolution of the State, Statehood, Political Society, Historical forms of the State, Еssence and legal nature of the State, State purpose.

The article deals with the aspects of public-private partnership (PPP) in modern conditions. Public-private partnership is positioned as an additional mechanism in solving complex problems and tasks of universities. Innovative forms of public-private partnership with universities and businesses are expressed in establishing education scope administration, economic assistance, innovation research and development, scientific and practical expertise and estate administration. Particular attention is paid to the development of business contacts between universities and business organizations at the present stage of economic development. There are also allocated the objectives of developing competitive university environment, the prioritized development of regional universities and dramatical modernization of education based on the interests of the military-industrial complex. The article describes the structure of the functions and forms of educational institutions activity and the mechanisms of PPP implementation. The author represents using mechanisms of public-private partnerships in the territory of the Russian Federation and the modern trends of developing PPP collaboration and education.